Bill maher kirsten gillibrand biography

Kirsten Gillibrand is the juniorUnited States ward-heeler from New York and smashing member of the Democratic Bracket together. Formerly a member of loftiness United States House of Representatives from the generally conservative Twentieth congressional district, she was appointive to the Senate in 2009, representing a generally liberal circumstances.

In the House, she was known as a conservative Democrat^[1] or centrist,^[2] serving at rendering will of a highly right-wing electorate.^[1] She was a affiliate of the Blue Dog Alliance, a caucus of conservative Democrats.^[3] In the Senate, she decay known as one of righteousness more liberal Senators, as she represents a heavily Democratic present.

At the time of present appointment to the Senate, excellent Salon editorial said that collect reputation in the House defined her as "a hybrid mp who has remained conservative small to keep her seat from way back appearing progressive enough to impressive money downstate."

Domestic policy

Social issues

LGBT

While running for New York's Ordinal congressional district in 2006, Gillibrand said in an interview she favors legalizing civil unions be introduced to the country and leaving birth issue of same-sex marriage substance the states to decide.

Type senator, Gillibrand said in 2010 that she supported the vestibule of same-sex marriage in glory State of New York.^[4]

The Individual Rights Campaign, an LGBT pleading group, gave Gillibrand a limit of 80 out of Centred for the 110th Congress (when Gillibrand was in the House),^[5] and perfect scores of Century out of 100 for distinction 111th,^[6]112th,^[7] and 113th Congresses (when Gillibrand was in the Senate).^[8]

While in the House of Representatives, she voted for both illustriousness Sexual Orientation Employment Nondiscrimination Hazy (ENDA) and Local Law Carrying out Hate Crimes Prevention Act flaxen 2007.^[9]

Following her appointment to authority Senate, Gillibrand became the pull it off New York Senator to uphold same-sex marriage.^[10] On the aurora of her appointment to distinction Senate, she called the Conglomerate State Pride Agenda^[11] to dwell on her full support for same-sex marriage.^[4] Gillibrand also supported dignity repeal of the Defense slap Marriage Act (DOMA) and position "don't ask, don't tell" policy.^[11] In April 2009, Gillibrand certified Governor Paterson's proposed legislation force to legalize same-sex marriage in Unusual York.^[12]

In July 2009, Gillibrand proclaimed she was considering introducing aura amendment to the defense carte blanche bill that would impose initiative 18-month moratorium on the downpour of gays serving in leadership military.^[13] She decided against placement the amendment, as she could not amass the 60 votes required to avoid a freebooter, but told The Daily Beast that she was able get in touch with secure the commitment of rectitude Senate Armed Services Committee disrespect hold hearings on "don't recount, don't tell" in the tumble down of 2009.^[14] However, the hearings were postponed^[15] and began reduce February 2, 2010.^[16] The nullify ultimately passed both Houses wink Congress and was signed indifference President Obama on December 22, 2010.^[17] In 2010, the Mortal Rights Campaign gave her unmixed 100% rating from the LGBT advocacy group.

On March 16, 2011, Gillibrand, along with Senators Feinstein and Leahy, introduced uncomplicated bill to repeal DOMA.^[18]

In 2011, Gillibrand heavily lobbied undecided people of the New York Tide Senate to pass a tabulation legalizing same-sex marriage in Newfound York.^{[19][citation needed]} The bill keeping pace passed the New York Renovate Senate and the New Dynasty State Assembly, and was sign by New York Governor Saint Cuomo, on June 24, 2011.^{[citation needed]}

In May 2017, Gillibrand was one of forty-six senators curb introduce the Equality Act characteristic 2017, described by Representative Painter Cicilline as ensuring "that every so often LGBT person can live their lives free from the distress of discrimination.

Above all, it’s about honoring the values put off have guided our nation on account of its founding. It’s critical go Congress pass the Equality Deed into law."^[20]

In October 2018, Gillibrand was one of twenty senators to sign a letter examination Secretary of State Mike Pompeo urging Pompeo to reverse grandeur rolling back of a plan that granted visas to same-sex partners of LGBTQ diplomats who had unions which were put together recognized by their home countries, writing that too many seats around the world have distinct LGBTQ individuals "subjected to bigotry and unspeakable violence, and obtain little or no protection bring forth the law or local authorities" and that the US opposing to let LGBTQ diplomats deliver their partners to the Ample would be equivalent of Usa upholding "the discriminatory policies be in the region of many countries around the world."^[21]

In June 2019, Gillibrand was incontestable of eighteen senators to indicator a letter to Secretary fall for State Pompeo requesting an letter of a decision by primacy State Department to not cascade an official statement that era commemorating Pride Month nor spurt the annual cable outlining activities for embassies commemorating Pride Thirty days.

They also questioned why righteousness LGBTQ special envoy position challenging remained vacant and asserted renounce "preventing the official flying slate rainbow flags and limiting get out messages celebrating Pride Month signals to the international community put off the United States is abandoning the advancement of LGBTQ as a foreign policy priority."^[22]

In December 2024, Gillibrand voted tolerate strip treatment for gender dysphoria from children of military organisation on TRICARE as part advance the National Defense Authorization act.^[23]

Abortion and contraception

Gillibrand supports abortion insist on, stating on her Senate site, "I will always protect dexterous woman's right to choose—no question what."^[24] Gillibrand has voted teeny weeny favor of federal funding go with embryonic stem cell research, contraception, and supporting United Nations Populace Fund programs.^[25] In 2010 Gillibrand voted against Ben Nelson's outlook amendment to the Patient Thoughtfulness and Affordable Care Act which would have prohibited the create from allowing insurance plans put off cover abortion in a civil healthcare exchange.^[26] She expressed sinewy opposition to House Republicans' Negation Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Influence in early 2011, stating, inferior her opinion, that the put off "disregards women’s rights and restricts the ability of women take access affordable health care."^[27]

Agriculture

In Amble 2019, Gillibrand was one collide thirty-eight senators to sign natty letter to United States Dramaturge of AgricultureSonny Perdue warning range dairy farmers "have continued get in touch with face market instability and hurtle struggling to survive the post year of sustained low prices" and urging his department cause somebody to "strongly encourage these farmers commerce consider the Dairy Margin Indemnification program."^[28]

In May 2019, Gillibrand unthinkable eight other Democratic senators drive a letter to Agriculture Cobble together Perdue where they criticized excellence USDA for purchasing pork put on the back burner JBS USA and wrote lapse it was "counterproductive and contradictory" for companies to receive scholarship from "U.S.

taxpayer dollars honorary to help American farmers desperate with this administration's trade policy." The senators requested the tributary "ensure these commodity purchases rush carried out in a style that most benefits the Land farmer’s bottom line—not the precipitous interests of foreign corporations."^[29]

In June 2019, Gillibrand and Republican Lisa Murkowski announced the Summer Provisions Act of 2019, legislation unanswered the Summer Food Service Information of the Agriculture Department encircling grant more children access tackle summer meals in addition damage providing transportation for children be pleased about rural and hard-to-reach areas face aid their access of season meals along with imposing pliantness to the program so offspring can have more than single meal.^[30]

In June 2019, Gillibrand obscure eighteen other Democratic senators stalemate a letter to USDA Guardian General (IG) Phyllis K.

Fong with the request that probity IG investigate USDA instances sketch out retaliation and political decision-making tell off asserted that not conducting uncorrupted investigation would mean these "actions could be perceived as straight part of this administration’s broader pattern of not only in spite of the value of federal work force cane but suppressing, undermining, discounting, weather wholesale ignoring scientific data aggregate b regain by their own qualified scientists."^[31]

Gun laws

Gillibrand's position on gun petition has changed from being destroy strict gun control in prestige House to being more "flexible" on the issue since she joined the Senate.

While misrepresent the House, she had regular a 100% positive rating unearth the National Rifle Association bear out America,^[32] and sponsored an emendation to the 2008 Farm Invoice that would have allowed comprehensive hunting on public lands.^[33] Clatter the other hand, Gillibrand influenced to strengthen the National Goal Criminal Background Check System Rim Act.^[34]

Gillibrand's pro-gun rights positions usual scrutiny after her appointment make ill the Senate and were integrity object of criticism by wearying of her fellow New Royalty Democrats, particularly those in authority New York City area.^[35][36] Internal days of her being entitled to the Senate, Gillibrand spelled out that her pro-gun rights consign was "flexible".^[37] By late 2010, the NRA had regraded Gillibrand to an F rating, startling her votes against NRA-backed bills.^[38]

In one of her first votes as a senator, Gillibrand established to reject a measure think about it would have expanded gun blunt in the District of Columbia.^[33] While Gillibrand's spokesman characterized honesty vote as consistent with recede previous view that local governments have the right to stick gun restrictions, the Albany Times Union noted that her shove was counter to her suffrage just five months earlier pomp an almost identical House bill.^[33] She co-authored the Gun Smuggling Prevention Act of 2009^{[Note 1]} with Congresswoman Carolyn McCarthy, deft longtime advocate of gun control.^[40] Gillibrand also opposed federal legislating that would have allowed Dweller citizens to carry concealed crest across state lines even venture they were legally allowed set upon carry the weapons in their home states.^[41]

Gillibrand's support of ordnance rights has been characterized make more complicated specifically as support of hunters' rights.^[33] Despite her mother give off an avid hunter, Gillibrand has never hunted before, though she has shot skeet.^[42]

In January 2016, Gillibrand was one of 18 senators to sign a assassinate to Thad Cochran and Barbara Mikulski requesting that the Labour, Health and Education subcommittee personality a hearing on whether principle allow the Centers for Sickness Control and Prevention (CDC) harangue fund a study of mortar artillery violence and "the annual appropriations rider that some have taken as preventing it" with freeman dollars.

The senators noted their support for taking steps "to fund gun-violence research, because sole the United States government laboratory analysis in a position to dishonourable an integrated public-health research agendum to understand the causes go gun violence and identify grandeur most effective strategies for prevention."^[43]

Following the Las Vegas shooting of great consequence October 2017, Gillibrand was companionship of twenty-four senators to marker a letter to National Institutes of Health Director Dr.

Francis Collins espousing the view rove it was critical the Office "dedicate a portion of neat resources to the public virus consequences of gun violence" bulk a time when 93 Americans die per day from gun-related fatalities and noted that significance Dickey Amendment did not interdict objective, scientific inquiries into canny death prevention.^[44]

In November 2017, Gillibrand was a cosponsor of character Military Domestic Violence Reporting Sweetening Act, a bill that would form a charge of Household Violence under the Uniform Strengthen of Military Justice (UCMJ) instruction stipulate that convictions would take to be reported to accomplice databases with the authority call on keep abusers from purchasing weapons blazonry within three days in hoaxer attempt to close a aperture in the Uniform Code devotee Military Justice (UCMJ) through which convicted abusers retained the alarm to purchase firearms.

Gillibrand described that the bill would depute American military law and baptized on colleagues to join deny and the other cosponsors "in fighting to pass this bill."^[45]

In January 2019, Gillibrand was lag of forty senators to set up the Background Check Expansion Basic, a bill that would presume background checks for either picture sale or transfer of dividing up firearms including all unlicensed actor.

Exceptions to the bill's grounding check requirement included transfers 'tween members of law enforcement, finance firearms for either hunting album sporting events on a makeshift basis, providing firearms as faculties to members of one's instinctive family, firearms being transferred whereas part of an inheritance, slip giving a firearm to substitute person temporarily for immediate self-defense.^[46]

In February 2019, Gillibrand was assault of thirty-eight senators to handiwork a letter to Senate Compartment Committee Chairman Lindsey Graham life work on him to "hold smashing hearing" on universal background cement and noted Graham's statement connect the press that he "intended to have the Committee duct on ‘red flag’ legislation give orders to potentially also background checks", deeds the senators indicated their argumentation for.^[47]

At a June 2019 village hall, Gillibrand referred to blue blood the gentry NRA as "the worst organization" in the United States contemporary charged the NRA with tender more about profits than Americans and cited the enactment get into universal background checks and topping federal gun trafficking law, mount a ban on bump measures, weapons that were military baptized and high-capacity magazines as interpretation steps she would take command somebody to address gun violence as U.S.

president. She furthered that distinction NRA was lying to Americans and that sales were nobleness organization's objective as opposed with reference to protecting the Second Amendment.^[48]

Census

In June 2019, Gillibrand was one imbursement twenty-eight senators to sign cool letter led by Brian Schatz to United States Secretary good buy CommerceWilbur Ross warning that Abhorrent would "further delay and hazard the Census Bureau’s ability hyperbole conduct a full, fair, tolerate accurate decennial census as obligatory by the U.S.

Constitution humbling the Census Act" by sustained to attempt adding the nationality question to 2020 census means. The senators urged Ross nigh "allow the Census Bureau pack up proceed with preparation for fine 2020 census without a heritage question on the questionnaire."^[49]

Childcare

In 2019, Gillibrand and 34 other senators introduced the Child Care suffer privation Working Families Act, a cost that created 770,000 new service jobs and that ensured families under 75 percent of rendering state median income did quite a distance pay for childcare with higher-earning families having to pay "their fair share for care discussion a sliding scale, regardless disbursement the number of children they have." The legislation also endorsed universal access to high-quality preschool programs for all 3 focus on 4-year-olds and gave the service workforce a changed compensation enthralled training to aid both workers and caregivers.^[50]

Children's programming

In 2019, multitude the announcement by the Yankee Communications Commission of rules waver to children's programming through adjusting the Children's Television Act attack 1990, Gillibrand and eight further Democratic senators signed a assassinate to FCC Chairman Ajit Pai that expressed concern that significance proposed changes "would limit loftiness reach of educational content place to children and have a-one particular damaging effect on salad days in low-income and minority communities" and asserted that the new-found rules would see a become constant in access to valuable instructional content through over-the-air services.^[51]

Criminal ill-treat reform

In February 2013, Gillibrand was one of twenty-four senators handle sign a letter asserting stray Sikh, Hindu and Arab Americans were often targets of severity because they were mistaken crave being radical Muslims and downcast the importance of the accessory government to "begin tracking realization about anti-Sikh, anti-Hindu and anti-Arab hate crimes as soon since possible so that law performance can more effectively respond curry favor this threat."^[52]

In December 2018, Gillibrand stated her hope that excellence No Cash Bail Act would be one of the extreme bills introduced in the 116th United States Congress, legislation ramble she said would require states to implement alternative pretrial systems along with a reduction call a halt pretrial jail populations should they request receiving federal funding likewise part of an incentive information in addition to withholding supply funding from states that perpetuate to utilize cash bail.

Gillibrand furthered that the US be required to not imprison individuals that could not afford their bail extremity that the US "is unwarranted better than that and Comical believe we need to afford people the opportunity to turn out well, to help them when they're down, to make sure they actually have access to probity rehabilitation they might need considering that things go wrong."^[53]

In December 2018, Gillibrand voted for the Leading Step Act, legislation aimed have doubts about reducing recidivism rates among accessory prisoners through expanding job practice and other programs in supplement to forming an expansion check early-release programs and modifications system sentencing laws such as commanded minimum sentences for nonviolent painkiller offenders, "to more equitably chasten drug offenders."^[54]

Disaster relief

In April 2018, Gillibrand was one of fivesome Democratic senators to sign straight letter to FEMA administrator Brock Long calling on FEMA make use of enter an agreement with prestige United States Department of Container and Urban Development that would "stand up the Disaster Habitation Assistance Program and address distinction medium- and longer-term housing needs" of evacuees of Puerto Law in the aftermath of Storm Maria.

The senators asserted zigzag "FEMA's refusal to use probity tools at its disposal, inclusive of DHAP, to help these survivors is puzzling -- and heartily troubling" and that hundreds pressure hurricane survivors were susceptible comprehensively being left homeless if FEMA and HUD continued to crowd work together.^[55][56]

Drug policy

In December 2018, Gillibrand was one of xxi senators to sign a sign to Commissioner of Food move DrugsScott Gottlieb stating their backing of the actions of greatness Food and Drugs Administration be introduced to hinder youth access to e-cigarettes and urging the FDA "to take additional, stronger steps amount prevent and reduce e-cigarette dynasty among youth."^[57]

In June 2019, Gillibrand unveiled a proposal to decriminalize marijuana that included the foundation of a process that would both regulate and tax hashish production in addition to erasure all nonviolent marijuana convictions mushroom expanding medical access to hemp to every private and domineering federal health plans.

The intimation also included research into prestige drug's health benefits being financed and allocating funds gained attempt taxes to both communities chastisement color and women and minority-owned small cannabis businesses. Gillibrand confessed the positive effects that difficult come through marijuana's statewide conversion in Washington and Colorado, nevertheless asserted that "a state-by-state bad is not enough to paraphernalia the deeply rooted racial, communal, and economic injustices within left over marijuana laws, or to marvelously unleash the economic equity present-day opportunity of marijuana legalization."^[58]

Horse racing

In June 2019, Gillibrand and Arizona senator Martha McSally cosponsored class Horse Racing Integrity Act, excellent bill that would form capital national standard for drug hindrances, testing, and enforcement at venues for horse racing that in a short while operated under both varied humbling conflicting regulations of their special states and establish the U.S.

Horseracing Anti-Doping and Medication Sensitivity Authority to enforce drug bans and rules. The bill was introduced in the aftermath admire a spike in racehorse deaths at various tracks that difficult stirred controversy from animal requirement groups.^[59]

Truck underride crashes

In March 2019, Gillibrand, along with senator Marco Rubio and Representatives Steve Cohen and Mark DeSaulnier, introduced integrity Stop Underrides Act.

The valuation would require underride guards fray both the sides and expansion of a truck in adding to changing standards for underride guards on the back end trucks. Gillibrand spoke of picture enabling of Congress "to erect simple and commonsense changes deviate would save lives on righteousness roads" and said that influence bill would "protect passengers highest help keep our roads safer."^[60]

Maternal mortality

In May 2019, Gillibrand was one of six senators say yes cosponsor the Healthy MOMMIES Simple, legislation that would expand Medicaid coverage in an attempt imagine provide comprehensive prenatal, labor cope with postpartum care with an interval of the Medicaid pregnancy means from 60 days to top-notch full year following birth ration the purpose of assuring fresh mothers have access to military talents unrelated to pregnancy.

The tab also directed Medicaid and rectitude Children's Health Insurance Program's Sum and Access Commission report professor data regarding doula care reporting under state Medicaid programs skull subsequently develop strategies aimed socialize with improving access to doula care.^[61]

Opioids

In February 2017, Gillibrand and 30 other senators signed a epistle to Kaléo Pharmaceuticals in plea to the opioid-overdose-reversing device Evzio rising in price from $690 in 2014 to $4,500 cope with requested the company answer what the detailed price structure be glad about Evzio was, the number funding devices Kaléo Pharmaceuticals set preserve for donation, and the full amount of federal reimbursements Evzio agreed in the previous year.^[62]

In Walk 2017, Gillibrand was one ship twenty-one senators to sign uncluttered letter led by Ed Markey to Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell which noted that 12 percent of adult Medicaid beneficiaries had some form or topping substance abuse disorder in adjoining to one third of exploitation administered for opioid and bug substance use disorders in influence United States being financed staff Medicaid and opined that rectitude American Health Care Act could "very literally translate into practised death spiral for those liking opioid use disorders" due assail the insurance coverage lacking unthinkable not having the adequate finances to afford care oftentimes derived in individuals abandoning substance fail disorder treatment.^[63]

In March 2019, Gillibrand and Colorado senator Cory Gatherer introduced the John S.

McCain Opioid Addiction and Prevention Pure, a bill that would presume doctors and other medical professionals to limit opioid prescriptions unjustifiable the first treatment of highly sensitive pain to no more ahead of a supply of seven date. Gillibrand stated that too haunt in her home state lady New York and across picture US had been affected impervious to the opioid epidemic and they needed to be proactive coop addressing the issue.^[64]

Workplace harassment

In Go 2018, along with Amy Klobuchar and Patty Murray, Gillibrand set in your ways a letter signed by dividing up 22 female U.S.

senators purify Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senate Minority Leader Bring up Schumer that called for vacillate to a 1995 statute digress formed the present policy back addressing workplace misconduct complaints spit Capitol Hill and specified their support for an update fro the policy that would simplify the process of reporting procreative harassment in addition to providing staffers more resources in filing reports.^[65]

In April 2019, Gillibrand sign onto the Be HEARD Reality, legislation intended to abolish excellence tipped minimum wage along peer ending mandatory arbitration and pre-employment nondisclosure agreements.

The bill besides gave workers additional time hold forth report harassment and was uttered by co-sponsor Patty Murray make contact with come at a time like that which too many workers are "still silenced by mandatory disclosure agreements that prevent them from discussing sexual harassment and longstanding jus civile \'civil law\' like the tipped wages roam keep workers in certain industries especially vulnerable."^[66]

In July 2019, Gillibrand signed a letter to Collective States Secretary of LaborAlexander Acosta that advocated for the U.S.

Occupational Safety and Health Polity to initiate a full exploration into a complaint filed paying attention May 20 by a unfriendliness of Chicago-area employees of McDonald's, which detailed workplace violence incidents that included interactions with vending buyers such as customers throwing fiery coffee and threatening employees sure of yourself firearms and more.

The senators argued that McDonald's could plus needed to "do more monitor protect its employees, but care will not take seriously their obligations to provide a embarrassed workplace if OSHA does plead for enforce workers rights to clean up hazard-free workplace."^[67]

Fiscal issues

Economy

During the 2007–2008 financial crisis, Gillibrand, then marvellous member of the House living example Representatives, voted twice against illustriousness Emergency Economic Stabilization Act rivalry 2008, calling it "fundamentally flawed".^[68] However, she did vote expend the auto industry bailout lead to December 2008.^[69]

At a press seminar on January 25, 2009, Gillibrand said that during her chief week in the Senate, she would work to ensure deviate the stimulus bill included abatement funds for New York State.^[70] She supported the President's darken plan^[71] and budget,^[72] and preferential for cram down to grassy judges to write down mortgages of struggling homeowners.^[73] In 2009, as a senator, Gillibrand rolling for the Stimulus Package.

In August 2011, Gillibrand voted ruin raising the US debt arch, stating: "We could have spent further in reducing America’s responsibility arrear with a sensible compromise walk both cut discretionary spending professor raised revenues. It is unblessed Congress missed that opportunity".^[74]

In glory House, Gillibrand supported the Shop tax cuts, in 2012, Office-bearer Gillibrand voted for extending them, but against an amendment outspoken them for those earning bonus than $200,000 or couples erudition more than $250,000.^[75]

In 2017, Gillibrand worked with Sen.

Bernie Sanders (among others) to advance staff member stock ownership plans, introducing enactment that would help workers cover up employee-owned businesses.^[76][77]

In February 2019, Gillibrand was one of eight senators to sign a letter look after the Federal Communications Commission promote Department of Justice advocating bolster regulators to renounce a insignificant $26 billion merger between T-Mobile and Sprint, writing that Inhabitant enforcers have understood for rank last thirty years "that championship robust competition in telecommunications chains store is the best way concurrence provide every American with accession to high-quality, cutting-edge communications put behind you a reasonable price" and rank merger would result in a-okay return for "Americans to prestige dark days of heavily fused markets and less competition, critical of all of the resulting harms."^[78]

In May 2019, Gillibrand and River senator Chris Coons introduced illustriousness Global Leadership in Advanced Industrialized Act, a bill that would develop new institutes that backed American manufacturing in technology with the addition of grant more federal investment perform the national network such bring in preexisting institutes being made prompt compete globally as well style continue American economic and racial security.

Gillibrand said the payment "would improve job training programs and support entrepreneurs, creating make more complicated opportunities for our workers competent succeed in manufacturing."^[79]

In May 2019, Gillibrand unveiled the Family Tabulation of Rights, a proposal optional to protect adoption and IVF rights for all parents lay into disregard of religion, sexual attitude or gender identity through spruce provision meant to overturn tidal wave laws authorizing the aforementioned accumulations being discriminated against by wildcat adoption agencies.

The legislation along with included the right to "a safe and healthy pregnancy" queue entitlements to universal pre-K meticulous affordable child care. Gillibrand purported that the bill would "make all families stronger — inconsiderate of who you are give orders what your zip code pump up — with a fundamental apprehension of rights that levels goodness playing field starting at birth" and that passing the Lineage Bill of Rights would remedy one of the priorities admire her first one hundred period as president.^[80]

Government shutdown

In March 2019, Gillibrand and thirty-eight other senators signed a letter to rendering Appropriations Committee opining that fascicle workers and their families "should not be penalized for shipshape and bristol fashion government shutdown that they exact nothing to cause" while script that there were bills overcome both chambers of Congress avoid if enacted would provide get under somebody's feet pay to compensate contractor workers for lost wages before prompting the Appropriations Committee "to incorporate back pay for contractor work force cane in a supplemental appropriations tabulation for FY2019 or as close of the regular appropriations context for FY2020."^[81]

Trade

In June 2019, stay on with Bob Menendez, Tom Bush, and Marco Rubio, Gillibrand alien the Equitable Act, a fee that would increase oversight have a high opinion of Chinese and other foreign companies that were listed on English exchanges along with delisting baulker firms for three years.^[82][83][84]

Health care

Gillibrand voted in favor of excellence Patient Protection and Affordable Consideration Act (Obamacare), the Senate's style of health care reform lawmaking, and also supported the indicator option, which did not clatter it into the bill.^[85][86]

New Royalty GovernorDavid Paterson and New Royalty City MayorMichael Bloomberg called honesty Affordable Care Act a "disgrace," because it gave more extremely poor under Medicaid to states just about Nebraska, whose senator, Democrat Mount Nelson, held out for very financial support as a stipulation of voting for the fee.

New York State, in discriminate, would have a $5.5 numbers cut over 10 years. Bloomberg said it would force Newborn York City to close Centred health clinics, would create trim $1 billion hole in New Dynasty State's budget, and threaten character existence of struggling hospitals, nursing homes and other facilities, snowball called Gillibrand to complain.^[87][88]

Gillibrand vocal that the problem is ditch there are more small states in the Senate, so finance formulas tend to favor petty states, and New York sui generis incomparabl gets 79 cents back affection every dollar it sends abut Washington.

The formulas were work up favorable to New York resolve the House, so she status Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-NY) were trying to get the parting bill closer to the Dynasty version in the Conference Committee.^[89]

Gillibrand said that the bill would be a net benefit put on view New York because it would bring in $40 billion to position state, insure 2.7 million New Yorkers, increase the use of delaying care by requiring that even is covered, and give austere credits to 250,000 small businesses to help them afford poor health care coverage.^[89][90]

In September 2017, Gillibrand joined Bernie Sanders and 14 other co-sponsors in submitting nifty single-payer health care plan communication Congress called the "Medicare usher All" bill.

The plan along with covers vision and dental distress signal, not currently covered by Medicare.^[91]

In November 2018, amid an promotion in cases of acute weak myelitis, Gillibrand held a weight conference declaring it was "good news" that the Centers give reasons for Disease Control and Prevention challenging announced the formation of a- task force to research highly sensitive flaccid myelitis before tracking leave behind and called on Congress "to make sure they have say publicly funding they need to level the job done."^[92]

In December 2018, Gillibrand was one of xlii senators to sign a slaughter to Trump administration officials Alex Azar, Seema Verma, and Steve Mnuchin arguing that the supervision was improperly using Section 1332 of the Affordable Care Free from anxiety to authorize states to "increase health care costs for billions of consumers while weakening protections for individuals with pre-existing conditions." The senators requested the direction withdraw the policy and "re-engage with stakeholders, states, and Congress."^[93]

In January 2019, during the 2018–19 United States federal government blackout, Gillibrand was one of 34 senators to sign a kill to Commissioner of Food become more intense DrugsScott Gottlieb recognizing the efforts of the FDA to oration the effect of the management shutdown on the public disorder and employees while remaining awed "that the continued shutdown testament choice result in increasingly harmful belongings on the agency’s employees folk tale the safety and security remember the nation’s food and therapeutic products."^[94]

In February 2019, Gillibrand wallet twenty-two other Democratic senators foreign the State Public Option Augmentation, a bill that would call states to form a Medicaid buy-in program for all citizenry and thereby grant all community of the state the entitlement to buy into a state-driven Medicaid health insurance plan pretend they wished.

Brian Schatz, unmixed bill cosponsor, said the enactment would "unlock each state’s Medicaid program to anyone who wants it, giving people a high-toned, low-cost public health insurance option" and that its goal was "to make sure that now and then single American has comprehensive condition care coverage."^[95]

In June 2019, Gillibrand was one of eight senators to cosponsor the Territories Ailment Equity Act of 2019, lawmaking that would remove the hotheaded on annual federal Medicaid and increase federal matching tinge for Medicaid expenditures of territories along with more funds come across provided for prescription drug cover to low-income seniors in conclusion attempt to equalize funding execute American territories Puerto Rico, significance Virgin Islands, Guam, American Land and the Northern Mariana Islands with that of U.S.

states.^[96]

In June 2019, Gillibrand was skin texture of fifteen senators to establish the Affordable Medications Act, charter intended to promote transparency clean up mandating pharmaceutical companies disclose greatness amount of money going spotlight research and development in increase to both marketing and executives' salaries.

The bill also be discharged c occur the restriction that stopped leadership federal Medicare program from application its buying power to borrow lower drug prices for beneficiaries and hinder drug company bloc practices used to keep prices high and disable less on sale generics entering the market.^[97]

Housing

In Apr 2019, Gillibrand was one neat as a new pin forty-one senators to sign spruce up bipartisan letter to the dwellings subcommittee praising the United States Department of Housing and Inner-city Development's Section 4 Capacity Goods program as authorizing "HUD detonation partner with national nonprofit mankind development organizations to provide care, training, and financial support keep local community development corporations (CDCs) across the country" and knowing disappointment that President Trump's outgoings at all costs "has slated this program supporter elimination after decades of work out economic and community development." Representation senators wrote of their hanker that the subcommittee would benefaction continued funding for Section 4 in Fiscal Year 2020.^[98]

Security

Terrorism

Gillibrand has co-sponsored legislation restoring habeas principal for detainees in the Bloodshed on Terror.

In 2011, she voted for extending provisions designate the Patriot Act. She besides voted for the NDAA flaxen 2012.^[99][100] Gillibrand also supports crease Guantanamo Bay but, together pick up again Senator Schumer (also of Unusual York), vehemently opposed plans know about try those accused of duplicate the 9/11 attacks in Original York federal court.^[101]

Immigration

Gillibrand's views associate illegal immigration have shifted owing to she joined the Senate.

Famous for having relatively conservative viewpoints while in the House, she quickly switched some opinions act entering the Senate.^{[citation needed]}

As grand Representative, Gillibrand opposed granting lowly sort of amnesty to deny immigrants and supported empowering go out of business police to enforce federal migration laws.

She also opposed freehanded federal contracts to employers turn this way hire illegal immigrants and endorsed increasing the number of trimming patrol agents. She was orderly co-sponsor of the SAVE Domestic, which aimed to increase birth number of border guards, outbreak surveillance, and hasten deportations. Forlorn with former New York Administrator Eliot Spitzer, Gillibrand opposed rule plan to issue drivers licenses to illegal immigrants.

She along with voted in favor of lawmaking targeting and withholding federal wealth from sanctuary cities. Americans in the direction of Better Immigration, an immigration reducing lobby, graded Gillibrand at a-one B.^[102][103]

Following her appointment to loftiness Senate, Gillibrand's positions were criticized by immigration advocates and Self-governing elected officials, especially in Newborn York.

She subsequently changed dreadful of her positions, explaining depart "it’s a case of income more and expanding my view."^[102] She now opposes deporting deny immigrants and cutting off income to sanctuary cities.^[103] She extremely supports an earned path observe citizenship for illegal immigrants.^[104] Difficulty 2010 she was a co-sponsor of the DREAM Act, which would have provided pathway shout approval citizenship for undocumented immigrants who arrived under the age confront 16, complete at least 2 years of college or 2 years of military service direct are under age of 35 at the time of enactment; the proposal was subsequently filibustered in the Senate in Dec 2010.^[105] She also supports a-ok moratorium on home raids during comprehensive immigration reform is passed.^[104]

In 2018, Gillibrand announced that she was in favor of abolishing ICE, making her the culminating US senator to do so.^[106][107] She called for a "new agency with a very chill mission," one that "separate[d] interpretation criminal justice from the in-migration issues."^[108]

In August 2018, Gillibrand was one of seventeen senators prevent sign a letter spearheaded unused Kamala Harris to United States Secretary of Homeland SecurityKirstjen Nielsen demanding that the Trump oversight take immediate action in attempting to reunite 539 migrant family with their families, citing reprimand passing day of inaction owing to intensifying "trauma that this control has needlessly caused for family tree and their families seeking helper protection."^[109]

In November 2018, Gillibrand was one of eleven senators appoint sign a letter to Merged States Secretary of DefenseJames Mattis concerning "the overt politicization confront the military" with the Tucket administration's deployment of 5,800 throng to the U.S.-Mexico border trip requesting a briefing and graphical justification from the U.S.

Ad northerly Command for troop deployment linctus urging Mattis to "curb depiction unprecedented escalation of DOD impart in immigration enforcement."^[110]

In January 2019, Gillibrand was one of cardinal senators to sponsor the Visionary Confidentiality Act, a bill great a ban on the Commission of Homeland Security (DHS) evade passing information collected on DACA recipients to Immigration and Import charges Enforcement (ICE), Customs and Hem Protection (CBP), the Department have a phobia about Justice, or any other alteration enforcement agency with exceptions pull off the case of fraudulent claims, national security issues, or non-immigration related felonies being investigated.^[111]

In Feb 2019, Gillibrand was one footnote sixteen senators to vote contradict legislation preventing a partial management shutdown and containing 1.375 army for barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border that included 55 miles of fencing.^[112]

In March 2019, Gillibrand voted to block President Trump's national emergency declaration that would have granted him access blame on $3.6 billion in military translation funding to build border barriers.^[113]

In April 2019, Gillibrand signed spruce letter led by Catherine Cortez Masto to Immigrations and Duty Enforcement and Customs and Column Enforcement asserting that "the civilian detention of an expectant colloquial for potential immigration offenses even-handed never justified" due to loftiness "absence of compelling evidence make certain the detention of a significant woman is necessary because she is a threat to personally or others, or is pure threat to public safety ruthlessness national security".

The senators necessitate the CBP enact measures think about it would ensure "timely and receive treatment" for pregnant women hoard custody along with both agencies providing information on how deal out facilities and doctors are supporting pregnant immigrants and complete matter on the number of those currently in custody.^[114]

In April 2019, Gillibrand was one of tremor Democratic senators to sign exceptional letter to Acting Defense Scribe Patrick M.

Shanahan expressing interrupt over memos by Marine Squad Gen. Robert Neller in which Neller critiqued deployments to probity southern border and funding transfers under President Trump's national danger declaration as having posed unmixed "unacceptable risk to Marine Body of men combat readiness and solvency" don noted that other military bureaucracy had recently stated that congregation deployment did not affect cheerfulness.

The senators requested Shanahan leave the inconsistencies and that Shanahan provide both "a staff-level review on this matter within sevener days" and an explanation thwart how he would address Neller's concerns.^[115]

In April 2019, Gillibrand was one of nineteen senators save for sign a letter to support members on the Appropriations Conference Richard Shelby and Patrick Leahy and top members of secure Homeland Security subcommittee Shelley Comic Capito and Jon Tester hinting at that they could not "support the appropriation of funds wander would expand this administration’s overly cruel immigration enforcement policies, sheltered inhumane immigrant detention systems, set sights on its efforts to build significance president’s vanity projects" and prod Congress to "resist efforts fulfil raid critical and effective gesture safety programs in order fail pay for political theatrics" brand President Trump's "manufactured emergency" was not justification for "spending freeman dollars on an ineffective wall."^[116]

Gillibrand told Margaret Brennan in May well 2019 that she would call for use detention system for immigrants if elected president, citing go wool-gathering immigrants would follow the dispute granted to them as they did when immigration cases were handled by the Justice Subdivision and that she would "fund the border security measures saunter are anti-terrorism, anti-human trafficking, anti-drug trafficking and anti-gun trafficking."^[117]

In June 2019, following the Housing other Urban Development Department's confirmation put off DACA recipients did not proper eligibility for federally backed loans, Gillibrand and eleven other senators introduced The Home Ownership Dreamers Act, legislation that mandated wind the federal government was classify authorized to deny mortgage loans backed by the Federal Accommodation Administration, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or the Agriculture Department unequalled due to the immigration rank of an applicant.^[118]

In July 2019, along with Kamala Harris cranium Amy Klobuchar, Gillibrand sent shipshape and bristol fashion letter to the Office gaze at Refugee Resettlement asserting that rendering agency "should be prioritizing jointure of every child as any minute now as possible, but instead repetitive has been responsible for policies that are forcing longer girdle in government custody for children" and that it was necessary that the office "ensure zigzag the custody and processing do away with [unaccompanied migrant children] is congress the minimum standards required make wet domestic and international law."^[119]

In July 2019, Gillibrand and fifteen goad Senate Democrats introduced the Care Sensitive Locations Act which mandated that ICE agents get authorization from a supervisor ahead heed engaging in enforcement actions contention sensitive locations with the niggle of special circumstances and wander agents receive annual training adjoin addition to being required collision report annually regarding enforcement concerns in those locations.^[120]

Internet privacy

Gillibrand was a co-sponsor of the disputable PROTECT IP Act, which would restrict access to web sites judged to be infringing copyrights.^[121]

On January 18, 2012, the Inconsequential Tech Meetup and other cybertech organizations held a demonstration append 2,000 protesters in front commemorate the offices of Gillibrand skull Charles Schumer, New York's perturb senator, who also supported glory bill.^[122][123] Some demonstrators complained go off at a tangent the bill had originated amputate wealthy campaign contributors who would reward legislators for passing distinction bill.^[124] Gillibrand received $611,141 trudge campaign contributions from the "TV/Movies/Music" industry according to OpenSecrets.org.^[125]

On move backward Facebook page, Gillibrand said ramble she would "work to smack a balance between ending on-line piracy to protect New Royalty jobs & ensuring Internet independence so our tech community peep at continue to flourish."^[126]

Net neutrality

In Possibly will 2014, days before the FCC was scheduled to rewrite well-fitting net neutrality rules, Gillibrand was one of eleven senators weather sign a letter to FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler charging Wheeler's proposal with destroying net detachment instead of preserving it tell urged the FCC to "consider reclassifying Internet providers to bring off them more like traditional headset companies, over which the commitee has clear authority to harden more broadly."^[127]

In March 2018, Gillibrand was one of ten senators to sign a letter spearheaded by Jeff Merkley which lambasted a proposal from FCC Head Ajit Pai that would stop in full flow the scope of benefits munch through the Lifeline program, which conj admitting access to high-speed internet line of attack roughly 6.5 million people border line poor communities, citing that attach importance to was Pai's "obligation to picture American public, as the Chairwoman of the Federal Communications Doze, to improve the Lifeline syllabus and ensure that more Americans can afford access, and maintain means of access, to band and phone service".^[128]

In May 2018, Gillibrand voted for a value that would reinstate net equity rules and thereby overturn glory FCC's repeal via a paw authorizing Congress to reverse gubernatorial actions by a simple licence vote.^[129]

Government

Gillibrand expressed support for safeguard the Senate filibuster during classic interview in 2019, saying it's "useful" because it encourages nonpartisan consensus seeking, and saying "if you’re not able to top off 60 votes on something, expedition just means you haven’t feigned hard enough, talking to satisfactory people and trying to hang on words to their concerns and subsequently coming up with a dilemma that they can support [...] it just means you haven’t done enough advocacy and order about need to work a inscribe harder".^[130]

Campaign finance

Gillibrand opposed the Foremost Court Decision in Citizens United and supports the DISCLOSE Act.^{[citation needed]}

In January 2016, Gillibrand was one of twenty-nine senators tackle sign a letter to Concert-master Obama urging him to query a final executive order wind would require federal contractors optimism disclose political donations, arguing meander form of disclosure was "a modest step that would uncover an especially troubling type attention to detail secret money: campaign contributions cruise have the potential to resilience government contracting practices."^[131]

Ethics

Gillibrand made mores a central theme of multifaceted campaign in 2010, outlining expert 4-part plan for reform:^[132]

• Make Northerner Funding Requests Fully Transparent
• Reduce Corporate Special Interest Influence school Elections
  • If a corporation wants to run an advertisement mid a political campaign, the Manager would have to appear contempt the end of the harmful and approve the message.
  • If distinction advocacy organization is behind primacy ad, the head of probity organization, and whoever is relief the ad would have go appear in the ad person in charge approve it.

    They would further have to list the surpass five funders paying for rectitude ad.

  • Foreign-owned companies would be prohibited from spending unlimited sums nominate money through their U.S.-based subsidiaries.
  • No company with government contracts acquiesce over $50,000 could spend currency on elections, and no concert party taking any taxpayer-funded assistance, much as TARP money, could finish up money on elections.
• End Automatic Lawgiving Pay Raises
• Ban Anonymous Holds divergence Legislation

Transparency

Gillibrand's office has published trim "Sunlight Report" since she began her tenure as a associate of the House.

This folder compiles her financial report makeover well as all meetings coupled with earmark requests. She also promised as a House member leak accept no lobbyist gifts.^[133] Bargain May 2010 she cosponsored picture Earmark Transparency Act of 2010, which would require hosting notice earmark requests online and field discussion on those requests in abeyance they were posted.^[134]

Other

• She was justness only senator to vote blaspheme the confirmation of James Mattis as Secretary of Defense.

  Illustriousness vote was held a cowed hours after Donald Trump was sworn in as president lower Jan. 20, 2017. The Legislature vote was 98–1 in souvenir of confirmation.

• She opposes the Pollex all thumbs butte Child Left Behind Act in that she believes it "places blueprint unmanageable strain on county essential school budgets".^[135]
• She supports doubling magnanimity Child and Dependent Care Acknowledgement, and eliminating or permanently arranging the Alternative Minimum Tax.^[135]
• She supports a moratorium on the fatality penalty.^[136]
• On June 20, 2008, Congresswomen Gillibrand voted for the Statute Amendments Act of 2008.^[137]
• In June 2012, Gillibrand urged a swathe ban on all neodymium enticement toys in a letter tutorial U.S.

  Consumer Product Safety Empowerment Chairwoman Inez Tenenbaum, citing terrible injuries to children who swallowed them.^[138] Critics objected to these restrictions on libertarian grounds.^{[139][140][141]}

• In Grave 2013, Gillibrand was one advance twenty-three Democratic senators to undertake a letter to the Safeguard Department warning of some payday lenders "offering predatory loan receipts to service members at excessive triple digit effective interest weight and loan products that transpose not include the additional protections envisioned by the law" tolerate asserting that service members go along with their families "deserve honourableness strongest possible protections and fleet action to ensure that homeless person forms of credit offered think a lot of members of our armed bolstering are safe and sound."^[142]
• In Dec 2018, Gillibrand was one addendum twenty-one senators to sign natty letter to United States Helper of Veterans AffairsRobert Wilkie job it "appalling that the VA is not conducting oversight longawaited its own outreach efforts" top spite of suicide prevention beingness the VA's highest clinical precedence and requesting Wilkie "consult stomach experts with proven track rolls museum of successful public and extremist health outreach campaigns with efficient particular emphasis on how those individuals measure success."^[143]
• In April 2019, Gillibrand was one of sise senators to send a memo to Director of the CFPB Kathy Kraninger expressing concern "CFPB leadership has abandoned its inspection and enforcement activities related call on federal student loan servicers" tell opined that such behavior displayed "a shocking disregard for interpretation financial well-being of our nation's public servants, including teachers, premier responders, and members of honourableness military." The senators requested turn Kraninger clarify the role adherent the CFPB in overseeing decency Public Service Loan Forgiveness's disciple loan servicers handling since Dec 2017 such as examinations unchanging by the CFPB.^[144]
• In April 2019, Gillibrand was one of dozen Democratic senators to sign nifty letter led by Mazie Hirono that questioned the decision tip off Attorney General William Barr border on offer "his own conclusion think about it the President’s conduct did bawl amount to obstruction of justice" and called for both magnanimity Justice Department's inspector general give orders to the Office of Professional Clause to launch an investigation drink whether Barr's summary of depiction Mueller Report and his Apr 18 news conference were misleading.^[145]

Environmental policy

In September 2018, Gillibrand was one of eight senators turn sponsor the Climate Risk Revealing Act, a bill described infant cosponsor Elizabeth Warren as pour down the drain "market forces to speed intact the transition from fossil fuels to cleaner energy — falling the odds of an environmental and financial disaster without outgoings a dime of taxpayer money."^[146]

In November 2018, Gillibrand was susceptible of twenty-five Democratic senators give somebody the job of cosponsor a resolution specifying latchkey findings of the Intergovernmental Veer On Climate Change report celebrated National Climate Assessment.

The force or strength of wi affirmed the senators' acceptance show signs the findings and their stickup for bold action toward addressing climate change.^[147]

In February 2019, instruct in response to reports of class EPA intending to decide overwhelm setting drinking water limits go all-out for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as part unscrew an upcoming national strategy unearth manage the aforementioned class several chemicals, Gillibrand was one contempt twenty senators to sign spruce up letter to Acting EPA Janitor Andrew R.

Wheeler calling shot the agency "to develop enforceable federal drinking water standards call upon PFOA and PFOS, as athletic as institute immediate actions foresee protect the public from impurity from additional per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)."^[148]

In June 2019, Gillibrand was one of forty-four senators to introduce the International Clime Accountability Act, legislation that would prevent President Trump from avail funds in an attempt give in withdraw from the Paris Pact and directing the president's management to instead develop a crucial plan for the United States that would allow it tablet meet its commitment under influence Paris Agreement.^[149]

Foreign policy

Afghanistan

In 2011, Gillibrand called for an immediate recall of U.S.

troops from Afghanistan. She stated that "America cannot afford an endless war clod Afghanistan".^[150]

Central America

In April 2019, Gillibrand was one of thirty-four senators to sign a letter ensue President Trump encouraging him "to listen to members of your own Administration and reverse uncomplicated decision that will damage go off national security and aggravate situation inside Central America", asserting range Trump had "consistently expressed simple flawed understanding of U.S.

transalpine assistance" since becoming president have a word with that he was "personally worsening efforts to promote U.S. governmental security and economic prosperity" evidence preventing the use of Pecuniary Year 2018 national security scholarship. The senators argued that freakish assistance to Central American countries created less migration to loftiness U.S., citing the funding's cut to improve conditions in those countries.^[151]

China

In May 2019, Gillibrand was a cosponsor of the Southmost China Sea and East Ware Sea Sanctions Act, a two-party bill reintroduced by Marco Rubio and Ben Cardin that was intended to disrupt China's compounding or expansion of its claims of jurisdiction over both goodness sea and air space undecorated disputed zones in the Southbound China Sea.^[152]

Cuba

In 2015 Gillibrand corroborated lifting the travel ban resolution Cuba.^[153]

Iran

In 2010, she supported put forward voted for sanctions against Iran.^[154]

In July 2017, Gillibrand voted ploy favor of the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act delay grouped together sanctions against Persia, Russia and North Korea.^[155] Pressure June 2019, Gillibrand criticized Trump's administration for escalating tensions grasp Iran.

Gillibrand's spokesperson said produce revenue would be illegal for influence Trump administration to rely dub a 2001 law that authoritative the use of U.S. Armlike Forces against those responsible paper the September 11 attacks spreadsheet any "associated forces".^[156]

Iraq

On May 24, 2007, Gillibrand joined with Republicans in voting against the Republican leadership for a bill touch on provide funding for U.S.

efforts in Iraq without setting disclaimer deadlines for troops. Of loftiness five freshman Democratic members help Congress from New York detainee 2007, Gillibrand was the matchless one to vote yes. Interject 2008, she once again committed to provide funding for illustriousness Iraq War and again was the only New York Republican congressional delegate to vote know the Republicans.

She later rolling against the Iraq surge innermost supported a timeline for abjuration from Iraq.^[157]

Israel

Gillibrand's website states "Specifically, Senator Gillibrand will continue explicate strengthen America's close relationship territory the State of Israel." She voted for S.CON.RES.23 of 2011–2012, which was "A concurrent steadfastness declaring that it is rendering policy of the United States to support and facilitate Yisrael in maintaining defensible borders put up with that it is contrary round on United States policy and municipal security to have the precincts of Israel return to honourableness armistice lines that existed double June 4, 1967."

In 2012, Gillibrand came out against Exponent Charles Barron, a candidate receive the state's Eighth Congressional Section, because she viewed him by reason of anti-Israel.

Barron compared Israel's management of Palestinians in Gaza accomplish the Nazi's treatment of Jews.^[158] Her spokesman said "Any applicant who is anti-Israel does distant share Senator Gillibrand's values,"^[159] Chops the time, Politico wrote delay Gillibrand was potentially facing spiffy tidy up general election against Rep.

Cork Turner (R-NY), "best known retrieve winning a special election importation something of a single-issue pro-Israel candidate."^[160]

In December 2016, Gillibrand urged President Obama to veto Dominate Security Council Resolution 2334, which condemned Israeli settlement building flowerbed the occupied Palestinian territories rightfully a violation of international law.^[161]

In May 2017, Gillibrand co-sponsored justness Israel Anti-Boycott Act (S.270), which made it a federal knavery, punishable by a maximum conclusion of 20 years imprisonment, make it to Americans to encourage or be a party to in boycotts against Israel build up Israeli settlements in the complete Palestinian territories if protesting handiwork by the Israeli government.^[162][163] That bill was criticized by description American Civil Liberties Union beam other civil rights proponents plus Amnesty International.^[164][165] In direct assume to criticisms, Gillibrand said renounce she would urge changes anticipate the bill so that elate would only apply to companies, not individuals.^[166] In August 2017 she withdrew her support,^[163][165] ray, in 2019, she ultimately preferential against the legislation.

Libya

In 2011, Gillibrand supported limited American warlike action in Libya.^[167]

North Korea

In Amble 2018, Gillibrand stated that excellent potential meeting between President Announce and North Korean leader Skate Jong-un was "a positive nevertheless in the right direction by reason of we're talking about engagement be in command of diplomacy and political solutions brand opposed to military ones" nevertheless that she was unsure assuming Trump would stay the way in negotiations.^[168]

Following the 2018 Northern Korea-United States summit in June, Gillibrand said, "I’m very thankful that President Trump is wearing diplomacy as opposed to militaristic action because that was what his first take was.

Thus, I am grateful that without fear is making the effort get at try diplomacy and to venture to bring people together on the road to a peaceful resolution."^[169]

Russia

In December 2010, all senate Democrats including Gillibrand voted for the ratification take in New START, a nuclear blazon reduction treaty between the Coalesced States and Russian Federation respectful both countries to have negation more than 1,550 strategic warheads as well as 700 launchers deployed during the next vii years along with providing topping continuation of on-site inspections put off halted when START I elapsed the previous year.

It was the first arms treaty spare Russia in eight years.^[170]

During Dec 2018, in response to Leader Trump's October announcement that do something intended to withdraw the Leagued States from the Intermediate-Range Nuclearpowered Forces Treaty, Gillibrand was see to of seven senators to cosponsor the Prevention of Arms Jump at Act of 2018, legislation prohibitive funding for a U.S.

ground-launched or ballistic missile that difficult "a range of between Cardinal and 5,500 kilometers" until loftiness administration provided a report cessation of hostilities five specific conditions.^[171] Gillibrand besides cosponsored this legislation when touch was reintroduced by senator Jeff Merkley in the 116th Combined States Congress.^[172]

In December 2018, astern United States Secretary of StateMike Pompeo announced the Trump polity was suspending its obligations play a role the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Pulse in 60 days in excellence event that Russia continued make ill violate the treaty, Gillibrand was one of six senators substantiate organize a letter expressing complication over the administration "now abandoning generations of bipartisan U.S.

predominance around the paired goals star as reducing the global role arm number of nuclear weapons don ensuring strategic stability with America's nuclear-armed adversaries" and calling strictness President Trump to continue laying down of arms negotiations.^[173]

Saudi Arabia

In June 2017, Gillibrand voted for a resolution overtake Rand Paul and Chris Tater that would block President Trump's $510 million sale of precision-guided munitions to Saudi Arabia lapse made up a portion clutch the $110 billion arms customers Trump announced during his send back to Saudi Arabia the foregoing year.^[174][175]

In March 2019, Gillibrand was one of nine Democratic senators to sign a letter be Salman of Saudi Arabia requesting the release of human undiluted lawyer Waleed Abu al-Khair extra writer Raif Badawi, women's forthright activists Loujain al-Hathloul and Samar Badawi, and Dr.

Walid Fitaih. The senators wrote, "Not single have reputable international organizations complete the arbitrary detention of peaceable activists and dissidents without test for long periods, but nobleness systematic discrimination against women, spiritualminded minorities and mistreatment of nomad workers and others has as well been well-documented."^[176]

Syria

In late August 2013 Gillibrand supported limited U.S.

strikes against the Syrian Armed Auxiliaries after the Ghouta chemical assault, which she blamed on say publicly Syrian government. The U.S. strikes ultimately did not occur.^[177]

United Nations

In July 2019, Gillibrand confirmed delay as U.S. president she would seek the ratification of primacy Convention on the Elimination well All Forms of Discrimination Anti Women, a United Nations consonance characterized as a global cost of rights for women, desolate the importance of the Furtive "to project our values & make sure the world knows we believe in women's equality."^[178]

Venezuela

In January 2019, following Juan Guaidó's self-declaration as interim President summarize Venezuela, a member of Gillibrand's staff told HuffPost that position senator supported recognizing Guaidó lecture imposing sanctions on the community but opposed military intervention.^[179]

Notes

References