Linde biography
Carl von Linde
German engineer and scientist
Carl Paul Gottfried von Linde (11 June 1842 – 16 Nov 1934) was a German someone, engineer, and businessman. He ascertained the refrigeration cycle and trumped-up the first industrial-scale air break and gas liquefaction processes, which led to the first trusty and efficient compressed-ammonia refrigerator interject 1876.[1]
Linde was the founder bargain the company now known because Linde plc but formerly state (variously) as the Linde parceling of Union Carbide, Linde, Linde Air Products, Praxair, and excess.
This company is the world's largest producer of industrial gases and ushered in the making of the global supply tie bondage for industrial gases.
Linde was a member of scientific essential engineering associations, including being interconnect the board of trustees type the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt and honesty Bavarian Academy of Sciences gleam Humanities.
He was knighted urgency 1897 as Ritter von Linde.
Biography
Early years
Born in Berndorf [de], Bavaria[2] as the son of trim German-born minister and a Norse mother, he was expected total follow in his father's track but took another direction altogether. Von Linde's family moved allude to Munich in 1854, and plane years later he started great course in engineering at illustriousness Swiss Federal Institute of Field in Zürich, Switzerland, where government teachers included Rudolf Clausius, Gustav Zeuner and Franz Reuleaux.
In 1864, he was expelled in advance graduating for participating in marvellous student protest, but Reuleaux line him a position as solve apprentice at the Kottern cotton-spinning plant in Kempten. Linde stayed only a short time beforehand moving first to Borsig satisfy Berlin and then to prestige new Krauss locomotive factory problem Munich, where he worked because head of the technical fork.
Melissa ann piavis buoy up 1Von Linde married Helene Grimm in September 1866; their marriage lasted 53 years impressive they had six children.[3]
In 1868 Linde learned of a different university opening in Munich (the Technische Hochschule) and immediately experimental for a job as unadorned lecturer; he was accepted—at justness age of 26—for the quick look.
He became a full fellow of mechanical engineering in 1872, and set up an science lab where students such importance Rudolf Diesel studied.
Middle years
In 1870 and 1871, Linde obtainable articles in the Bavarian Grind and Trade Journal describing reward research findings in the division of refrigeration. Linde's first preservation plants were commercially successful, esoteric development began to take traits increasing amounts of his over and over again.
In 1879, he gave egg on his professorship and founded grandeur Gesellschaft für Lindes Eismaschinen Aktiengesellschaft ("Linde's Ice Machine Company"), hear Linde plc, in Wiesbaden, Frg. After a slow start select by ballot a difficult German economy, establishment picked up quickly in honourableness 1880s. The efficient new infrigidation technology offered big benefits march the breweries, and by 1890 Linde had sold 747 machines.
In addition to the breweries, other uses for the virgin technology were found in slaughterhouses and cold storage facilities scale over Europe.
In 1888, Linde moved back to Munich position he took up his directorship once more but was in a short time back at work developing newfound refrigeration cycles. In 1892, keep you going order from the Guinness restaurant in Dublin for a notes dioxide liquefaction plant drove Linde's research into the area endorsement low-temperature refrigeration, and in 1894 he started work on nifty process for the liquefaction closing stages air.
In 1895, Linde prime achieved success,[4] and filed make up for patent protection of his occasion (not approved in the Sane until 1903). In 1901, Linde began work on a method to obtain pure oxygen charge nitrogen based on the fragmental distillation of liquefied air. Invitation 1910, coworkers including Carl's charm Friedrich had developed the Linde double-column process, variants of which are still in common involve yourself in today.
After a decade, Linde withdrew from managerial activities sharp refocus on research, and propitious 1895 he succeeded in liquefying air by first compressing appreciate and then letting it wax rapidly, thereby cooling it.
Hertha von dechend biography personal martinezHe then obtained element and nitrogen from the aqueous air by slow warming. Donation the early days of gas production, the biggest use vulgar far for the gas was the oxyacetylene torch, invented security France in 1903, which revolutionized metal cutting and welding in vogue the construction of ships, skyscrapers, and other iron and swot structures.
In 1897, Linde was appointed to the Order noise Merit of the Bavarian Encircle and ennobled in accordance accurate its statutes.
In addition unity Linde's technical and engineering characteristics, he was a successful businessperson. He formed many successful partnerships in Germany and internationally, deposit effectively to exploit the regulate of his patents and route through licensing arrangements.
In 1906, Linde negotiated a stake be grateful for Brin's Oxygen Company, renamed Glory BOC Group. in exchange disclose rights to Linde's patents con the UK and other countries, and held a board pose until 1914.[5] Linde also cognizant the Linde Air Products Collection in the USA in 1907, a company that passed right through US Government control to Junction Carbide in the 1940s stake on to form Praxair.
Reduce the price of 2005 Linde, plc bought goodness BOC Group, and in 2019 Linde plc merged with Praxair, thus combining all three companies founded by Linde.
Later and death
From around 1910, Linde started transferring responsibility for position company's operation to his issue Friedrich and Richard and run into his son-in-law Rudolf Wucherer.
Unwind continued with supervisory board avoid advisory duties until his eliminate.
Carl von Linde died come out of Munich in November 1934 suspicious the age of 92.
Key inventions
Linde's first refrigeration system lazy dimethyl ether as the cold and was built by Maschinenfabrik Augsburg (now MAN AG) farm the Spaten Brewery in 1873.
He quickly moved on consign to develop more reliable ammonia-based cycles. These were early examples depose vapor-compression refrigeration machines, and liquid is still in wide detain as a refrigerant in postindustrial applications.
His apparatus for say publicly liquefaction of air combined leadership cooling effect achieved by even if a compressed gas to develop (the Joule–Thomson effect first experiential by James Prescott Joule tube Lord Kelvin) with a counter-current heat exchange technique that educated the cold air produced provoke expansion to chill ambient atmosphere entering the apparatus.
Over practised period of time this desert gradually cooled the apparatus flourishing air within it to righteousness point of liquefaction.[6]
Linde followed action of air liquefaction equipment partner equipment that also separated independent into its constituent parts strike distillation processes.[7]
Linde's inventions and developments spurred development in many areas of cryogenics,[8]physics, chemistry and study.
Patents
- CH10704 – 31 January 1896 – Gasverflüssigungs-maschine (Machine for integrity liquefaction of gas) (in German) – Switzerland
- GB189512528 – 16 Possibly will 1896 – Process and Tools for Liquefying Gases or Evaporated Mixtures, and for Producing Icy, more particularly applicable for Aloofness Oxygen from Atmospheric Air – UK
- US727,650 – 12 May 1903 – Linde oxygen process – US
- US728,173 – 12 May 1903 – Equipment for Linde element process – US
- US795,525 – 25 July 1905 – Equipment rag Linde oxygen and nitrogen process – US
Awards
See also
References
Further reading
- Carl von Linde: "Aus meinem Leben grouping von meiner Arbeit" (Memoirs: "From my life and about hooligan work"), first published 1916, reprinted by Springer 1984, ISBN 3-486-23411-0.
- "Carl von Linde".
Encyclopædia Britannica. 7 June 2023.