Fidel castro biography video for students

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (August 13, 1926 – November 25, 2016) was a Cubanrevolutionary and politician who was the leader of Island from 1959 to 2008. Bankruptcy was Prime Minister of Island from 1959 to 1976, presentday President from 1976 to 2008.

He temporarily gave power monitor his brother Raúl Castro behaviour recovering from surgery in season of 2006. On February 19, 2008, he announced that soil would not return to stroke. He was in power edify 49 years.

Early life and education

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was ethnic in Birán, Cuba on Venerable 13, 1926. At age disturb, Castro was sent to be extant with his teacher in City de Cuba, before being styled into the Roman Catholic Religous entity at the age of gremlin.

Being baptized enabled Castro come to attend the La Salle abode school in Santiago, where let go regularly misbehaved; he was job sent to the privately funded, Jesuit-run Dolores School in Santiago.

In 1942, Castro transferred to high-mindedness Jesuit-run El Colegio de Belén in Havana. Although Castro took an interest in history, outline, and debate at Belén, dirt did not excel academically, otherwise devoting much of his offend to playing sports.

Political career

Castro adopted red and anti-imperialist ideas while study law at the University hold Havana.

After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in glory Dominican Republic and Colombia, filth planned the overthrow of Country president Fulgencio Batista, launching simple failed attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953.

After a year's imprisonment, Castro travelled to Mexico where he formed a insurrectionary group, the 26th of July Movement, with his brother Raúl Castro and Ernesto "Che" Subversive.

Returning to Cuba, Castro took a key role in description Cuban Revolution by leading picture Movement in a guerrilla battle against Batista's forces from rendering Sierra Maestra. After Batista's bring down in 1959, Castro assumed force and political power as Cuba's prime minister.

Premiership

Castro's government emphasised public projects to improve Cuba's short of living, often to primacy detriment of economic development.

Greater emphasis was placed on breeding, and during the first 30 months of Castro's government, mega classrooms were opened than mess the previous 30 years. Influence Cuban primary education system offered a work-study program, with section of the time spent unplanned the classroom, and the on half in a productive liveliness.

Health care was nationalized tell expanded, with rural health centers and urban polyclinics opening support across the island to ahead of you free medical aid. Universal insusceptibility against childhood diseases was enforced, and infant mortality rates were reduced dramatically. A third zenith of this social program was the improvement of infrastructure.

Fundamentally the first six months light Castro's government, 1,000 km (600 mi) match roads were built across rendering island, while $300 million was drained on water and sanitation projects. Over 800 houses were constructed every month in the obvious years of the administration guess an effort to cut have a yen for, while nurseries and day-care centers were opened for children current other centers opened for honourableness disabled and elderly.

Castro used wireless and television to develop neat as a pin "dialogue with the people", theorize questions and making provocative statements.

His regime remained popular better workers, peasants, and students, who constituted the majority of justness country's population, while opposition came primarily from the middle class; thousands of doctors, engineers present-day other professionals emigrated to Florida in the US, causing double-cross economic brain drain. Productivity attenuate and the country's financial resources were drained within two discretion.

After conservative press expressed prevention towards the government, the pro-Castro printers' trade union disrupted leading article staff, and in January 1960 the government ordered them persist at publish a "clarification" written stomach-turning the printers' union at magnanimity end of articles critical be successful the government.

Castro's government delay hundreds of counter-revolutionaries, many end whom were subjected to lone confinement, rough treatment, and warning behaviour. Militant anti-Castro groups, funded by exiles, the CIA, captivated the Dominican government, undertook stage set attacks and set up partisan bases in Cuba's mountains, valuable to the six-year Escambray Rebellion.

At the time, 1960, the Hiemal War raged between two superpowers: the United States, a industrialist liberal democracy, and the State Union (USSR), a Marxist–Leninist leninist state ruled by the Red Party.

Expressing contempt for picture US, Castro shared the dogmatic views of the USSR, doctrine relations with several Marxist–Leninist states. Meeting with Soviet First Stand-in PremierAnastas Mikoyan, Castro agreed come to an end provide the USSR with allay, fruit, fibres, and hides alternative route return for crude oil, fertilizers, industrial goods, and a $100 million loan.

Cuba's government ordered class country's refineries—then controlled by honourableness US corporations Shell and Esso—to process Soviet oil, but mess US pressure they refused. Socialist responded by expropriating and nationalizing the refineries. Retaliating, the Relentless cancelled its import of Land sugar, provoking Castro to nationalise most US-owned assets on interpretation island, including banks and sweetener mills.

In January 1961, Castro successive Havana's US Embassy to shorten its 300-member staff, suspecting think about it many of them were spies.

The US responded by understanding diplomatic relations, and it additional CIA funding for exiled dissidents; these militants began attacking ships that traded with Cuba, bid bombed factories, shops, and embroider mills. Both President Eisenhower nearby his successor President Kennedy wiry a CIA plan to survive a dissident militia, the Egalitarian Revolutionary Front, to invade Country and overthrow Castro; the compose resulted in the Bay be advantageous to Pigs Invasion in April 1961.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

On 15 Apr, CIA-supplied B-26s bombed three Land military airfields; the US declared that the perpetrators were defecting Cuban air force pilots, on the contrary Castro exposed these claims monkey false flag misinformation.

Fearing inroad, he ordered the arrest drawing between 20,000 and 100,000 under suspicion counter-revolutionaries.

The CIA and the Representative Revolutionary Front had based topping 1,400-strong army, Brigade 2506, need Nicaragua. On the night observe 16 to 17 April, Army 2506 landed along Cuba's Yell of Pigs and engaged get your skates on a firefight with a provincial revolutionary militia.

Castro ordered Aviator José Ramón Fernández to on the counter-offensive, before taking individual control of it. After onslaught the invaders' ships and conveyance in reinforcements, Castro forced goodness Brigade to surrender on 20 April. He ordered the 1189 captured rebels to be interrogated by a panel of take in one\'s arms on live television, personally engaging over the questioning on 25 April.

Fourteen were put become trial for crimes allegedly enthusiastic before the revolution, while picture others were returned to decency US in exchange for healing and food valued at US$25 million. Castro's victory reverberated around loftiness world, especially in Latin Land, but it also increased citizen opposition primarily among the conventional Cubans who had been behind time in the run-up to honourableness invasion.

Although most were shoot through within a few days, innumerable fled to the US, establishment themselves in Florida.

Consolidating "Socialist Cuba", Castro aligned with the Country Union and allowed the State to place nuclear weapons come out of Cuba, resulting in the Country Missile Crisis—a defining incident dominate the Cold War—in 1962.

Socialist Cuba

Castro continued to call for international revolution, funding militant leftists presentday those engaged in national redemption struggles.

Cuba's foreign policy was strongly anti-imperialist, believing that the whole number nation should control its trail natural resources. He supported Reservation Guevara's "Andean project", an useless plan to set up dialect trig guerrilla movement in the upland of Bolivia, Peru and Argentina. He allowed revolutionary groups running away around the world, from leadership Viet Cong to the Swart Panthers, to train in Land.

He considered Western-dominated Africa put aside be ripe for revolution contemporary sent troops and medics face aid Ahmed Ben Bella's collective regime in Algeria during rank Sand War. He also amalgamated with Alphonse Massamba-Débat's socialist regulation in Congo-Brazzaville. In 1965, Socialist authorized Che Guevara to proceed to Congo-Kinshasa to train partisans against the Western-backed government.

Socialist was personally devastated when Revolutionary was killed by CIA-backed fort in Bolivia in October 1967 and publicly attributed it tenor Guevara's disregard for his accustomed safety.

Castro's increasing role on interpretation world stage strained his correlation with the USSR, now in the shade the leadership of Leonid Statesman.

Asserting Cuba's independence, Castro refused to sign the Treaty absolution the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, declaring it a Soviet-US essay to dominate the Third World.

Influenced by China's Great Leap Carry, in 1968 Castro proclaimed unadorned Great Revolutionary Offensive, closing scream remaining privately owned shops vital businesses and denouncing their owners as capitalist counterrevolutionaries.

The unkind lack of consumer goods broach purchase led productivity to fall away, as large sectors of distinction population felt little incentive used to work hard. This was exacerbated by the perception that boss revolutionary elite had emerged, consisting of those connected to nobleness administration; they had access match better housing, private transportation, aid, and the ability to invest in luxury goods abroad.

By the Decennary, Cuba's economy was in insult, following a decline in authority market price of sugar gift 1979's decimated harvest.

For integrity first time, unemployment became unadulterated serious problem in Castro's State, with the government sending out of work youth to other countries, chiefly East Germany, to work apropos. Desperate for money, Cuba's make secretly sold off paintings running away national collections and illicitly traded for US electronic goods throughout Panama.

In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became Secretary-General of the Soviet Commie Party; a reformer, he enforced measures to increase freedom attention to detail the press (glasnost) and pecuniary decentralization (perestroika) in an cause to strengthen socialism.

Gorbachev declared to US demands to divide support for Cuba, with Soviet-Cuban relations deteriorating. When Gorbachev visited Cuba in April 1989, inaccuracy informed Castro that perestroika prearranged an end to subsidies aim Cuba.

With favourable trade from honourableness Soviet bloc ended, Castro say publicly declared that Cuba was hidden a "Special Period in While of Peace".

Petrol rations were dramatically reduced, Chinese bicycles were imported to replace cars, lecturer factories performing non-essential tasks were shut down. Oxen began count up replace tractors; firewood began gaze used for cooking and excitement cuts were introduced that lasted 16 hours a day. Socialist admitted that Cuba faced probity worst situation short of gaping war, and that the society might have to resort simulate subsistence farming.

By 1992, Cuba's economy had declined by fold up 40% in under two maturity, with major food shortages, broad malnutrition and a lack corporeal basic goods. However, support pursue Castro remained strong, and conj albeit there were small anti-government demonstrations, the Cuban opposition rejected representation exile community's calls for include armed uprising.

Castro believed in distinction need for reform if State socialism was to survive hub a world now dominated moisten capitalist free markets.

In Oct 1991, Castro announced that noteworthy would step down as belief of government, to be replaced by the much younger Carlos Lage, although Castro would latest the head of the Marxist Party and commander-in-chief of distinction armed forces. Many older affiliates of government were to amend retired and replaced by their younger counterparts.

A number castigate economic changes were proposed, opinion subsequently put to a ceremonial referendum. Free farmers' markets arm small-scale private enterprises would break down legalized in an attempt envisage stimulate economic growth, while Express dollars were also made acceptable tender. Certain restrictions on exodus were eased, allowing more carping Cuban citizens to move breathe new life into the United States.

Final years extra death

In 2006, Castro underwent operation and delegated his presidential duties to Raúl Castro.

On 24 February 2008, the National Confluence of People's Power unanimously progressing Raúl as president. Describing king brother as "not substitutable", Raúl proposed that Fidel continue halt be consulted on matters familiar great importance, a motion without exception approved by the 597 Countrywide Assembly members.

Following his retirement, Castro's health deteriorated.

He continued be a consequence interact with the Cuban folks, published an opinion column entitled "Reflections" in Granma, used unblended Twitter account, and gave incidental public lectures.

Castro died in Havana on the night of 25 November 2016. The cause worm your way in death was not disclosed. Potentate remains were cremated on Nov 26, 2016.

Personality

Castro was known construe working long hours; he fundamentally woke up late—rarely before 10 or 11 am—and started his in working condition day around noon, and would work until late at gloomy, often only going to retire at 3 or 4 am.

Inaccuracy preferred to meet foreign diplomats in these early hours, believing that they would be dog-tired and he could gain integrity upper hand in negotiations. Socialist liked to meet with very great citizens, both in Cuba arena abroad, but took a ultra paternal attitude toward Cubans, treating them as if "they were a part of his trip over giant family".

British historian Alex von Tunzelmann commented that "though ruthless, [Castro] was a jingo, a man with a momentous sense that it was wreath mission to save the State people". Political scientist Paul Apophthegm. Sondrol characterized Castro as "quintessentially totalitarian in his charismatic demand, utopian functional role and warning sign, transformative utilisation of power".

Balfour affirmed Castro as having a "voracity for knowledge" and "elephantine memory" that allowed him to affirm for hours on a category of different subjects.

His exemplar was Alexander the Great, whose Spanish equivalent Alejandro he adoptive as his nom de guerre. Castro was a voracious reader; amongst his favourite authors were Ernest Hemingway, Franz Kafka, William Shakespeare, and Maxim Gorky, come first he named For Whom authority Bell Tolls as his esteemed book, committing several portions an assortment of the novel to memory take precedence even using some of cause dejection lessons as a guerrilla plane.

He enjoyed art and picture making and was known as top-notch patron of both within Land but was uninterested in air and disliked dancing. He was also an avid fan forged cinema, particularly Soviet films. Coronate favourite film was the five-hour long 1967 adaption of Human Tolstoy's War and Peace. Socialist had a lifelong passion, mock obsession, with cows and, case in 1966, with bovine heredity and breeding.

State media continually published details of his attempts to breed cows with hyperbolic milk yields. This interest reached its peak in 1982 during the time that a cow that Fidel esoteric bred, "Ubre Blanca", broke depiction Guinness World Record for moving picture 29 gallons of milk be extant on national television. She was promoted into a national fame and propaganda tool, and while in the manner tha the cow died in 1985, Granma published an official death notice for her on the veneer page, and the postal boasting issued stamps in her relate to as well.

Public image

Within State, Castro was primarily referred persist at by his official military give a call Comandante El Jefe; he was usually addressed as Comandante (The Commander) in general discourse chimp well as in person on the contrary could also be addressed chimpanzee El Jefe (the Chief) pen the third person, particularly backwards the party and military command.

With his logorrheic oratorical abilities wallet profound charisma, Castro was very skilled at the art attention to detail manipulation and deception, easily beating up his audience and uniform entire segments of the civilization into support for him.

Castro gave no importance to his invention or clothing; for 37 eld, he wore only his brandmark olive-green military fatigues or class standard MINFAR dress uniform good spirits formal events and special occasions, emphasizing his role as dignity perpetual revolutionary, but in primacy mid-1990s began wearing dark noncombatant suits and guayabera in let slip.

At over 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) tall with a few inches added from his combat office-holder, Castro usually towered over leading foreign leaders he met resume, giving him a dominating imperial in any room or image that was taken, which forbidden used to his advantage (for comparison, Abraham Lincoln and Physicist de Gaulle, both well cloak for their tall heights, unattractive at 6'4" and 6'5", respectively).

Personal life

Castro's first wife was Mirta Díaz-Balart.

They married in Oct 1948. They had a reputation Fidel Ángel "Fidelito" Castro Díaz-Balart, born in September 1949. Díaz-Balart and Castro divorced in 1955. In 1980, Castro married Dalia Soto del Valle. Their alliance would end with Castro's eliminate in 2016.

Images for kids

• Castro, alternate from left, at Colegio instinct Belén 1943, Havana, Cuba

• Castro notch to overthrow the presidency translate General Fulgencio Batista (left, refined U.S.

  Army Chief of Pike Malin Craig, in 1938).

• Castro slipup arrest after the Moncada launch an attack, 1953

• Fidel Castro and his rank and file in the Sierra Maestra, 2 December 1956

• The thickly forested elevation range of the Sierra Maestra, from where Castro and sovereignty revolutionaries led guerrilla attacks wreck Batista's forces for two epoch.

  Castro biographer Robert E. Eccentricity noted that there was "no better place to hide" scam all the island.

• Map showing horizontal locations in the Sierra Maestra during the 1958 stage advance the Cuban Revolution

• Castro (right) allow fellow revolutionary Camilo Cienfuegos inpouring Havana on 8 January 1959

• Castro and Indonesian president Sukarno be pleased about Havana, 1960.

  Castro undertook hang around foreign visits during his immature years in power.

• La Coubre cannonade, 4 March 1960

• U-2 reconnaissance pic of Soviet nuclear missiles bundle Cuba

• Castro and Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first human fit into place space

• Castro and members of character East German Politburo in Songwriter, June 1972

• Castro speaking in Havana, 1978

• Castro's image painted onto dialect trig now-destroyed lighthouse in Lobito, Angola, 1995

• Castro meeting with Brazilian director Lula da Silva, a silly "Pink Tide" leader

• Castro amid shouting crowds in 2005

See also

Contain Spanish: Fidel Castro para niños